1 DA has ricominciato = restarted, instead of riconosciuto = recognized.
2 DA has occulto = occult, instead of oculato = careful.
3 Benedict (480-543/547) is the father of monasticism in the West. He was born in Norcia, in Umbria, to a Roman noble family. He founded 13 monasteries and created a monastic ideal with the Rule that Bossuet defined as “a summary of Christianity, a learned and mysterious compendium of the entire doctrine of the Gospel, of all the institutions of the holy Fathers, of all the counsels of perfection.” A lover of concreteness and clarity, Benedict gathered his thought and his action in the ora et labora, “pray and work” after which also Alberione drew much inspiration.
4 On the life of this sister of Benedict, the only historical source is chapters 33 and 34 of the second book of the Dialogues of St. Gregory the Great. Probably twins, Benedict and Scholastica were born and died in the same years (480-547). Scholastica consecrated herself to God as a young woman and followed her brother in Subiaco and in Montecassino. Their mortal remains rest together in the crypt of the great monastery of Montecassino.
5 Francis of Assisi 1182-1226) stripped himself of everything at age 24: clothes, wealth, ambition, pride, in order to marry “Lady Poverty” and to repropose to the world, in perfect joy, the evangelical ideal of humility, poverty, and chastity. His conformation with Christ also physically took place with the seal of the stigmata received at the mount of La Verna on 14 September 1224.
6 Claire (1193/1194-1253), born in Assisi to a wealthy family, with an unusual audacity, presented herself before Francis and his friars the night of 18 March 1212 in order to consecrate herself to God. Won over by the rule of absolute poverty, not only individual, but professed collectively, Claire extended to the female sex the spirituality of Francis.
7 Both of these take their names from Dominic of Guzman, born between 1170 and 1185 Calaruega, Burgos, Spain, and died in Bologna on 6 August 1221.
8 Regarding St. Francis of Sales and St. Jeanne F. de Chantal, see notes 26 and 27 in DA 47-48.
9 Vincent de Paul (1581-1660), after an experience of slavery in Tunis, decided, in 1617, to start the mission among the poorest farmers. On 23 August 1617, he started the Company of Charity (later called Ladies of Charity) by inviting noble women to serve the poor. From 1618 to 1621 he undertook with other zealous priests many missions in various dioceses of France. He founded the Congregation of the Mission, the Lazarist Fathers, for popular missions (1625).
10 Giuseppe Cottolengo was born in Bra, in the province of Cuneo in 1786. The eldest of twelve children, he finished excellently his studies, at first in Bra and then in Asti. In 1811, he was ordained priest and went as vice curate in Corneliano d'Alba. He used to celebrate mass at three in the morning so that the farmers could attend before they went to the farms. To complete his training, he obtained a doctorate in theology in Turin in 1816. On 17 January 1828, he began his great work of assistance to handicapped persons in the old Turin. From an old paralytic woman, the patients soon became 40. When the authorities ordered him to close the first house (which Pius IX had baptized “Casa del miracolo” [House of the miracle]) as a precaution against the cholera epidemic of 1831, he loaded his few possessions on a donkey and with two sisters went to the area of Valdocco, towards a farmhouse that had a billboard over its entrance, “Osteria del brentatore” [The wine bottler's tavern]. He turned the billboard over and wrote there “Piccola casa della divina Provvidenza” [Little House of the Divine Providence]. This was on 27 April 1832. Together with the widow Marianna Masi, about the year 1830, he founded the congregation of the Vincentian Sisters, later called Sisters of Cottolengo. The means sustaining the activity was exclusively the enlightened trust on Providence, coupled with constant prayer and charity. He died on 30 April 1842.
11 A young widow of great faith whom, on November 1830, Cottolengo designated as mother of his poor ones and of the rising institute of Sisters founded by him. (MM).
12 Giovanni Bosco was born in Becchi, Castelnuovo d'Asti, in Piedmont, on 16 August 1815 and died in Turin in 1888. Of humble origins, he lost his father early, and it was his mother who taught him the first elements of catechism. Giovanni was ordained priest in Turin in 1841. He immediately started taking care of the poor children and founded in Valdocco the first “oratory” (1842) wherein he gathered some twenty boys. In 1846, the young men were now 300. With the help of Fr. Rua and Fr. Cagliero, he established the foundation of the Society of St. Francis of Sales, whose first chapter was held in 1850. At the side of the Salesians, he founded (1872) the Salesian Sisters (Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice = Daughters of Mary Help of Christians) and lastly the Pious union of Salesian cooperators.